User:Bookreader345/Sandbox1

One of the first major revisions of this timeline

Zeus
The Zeus Program is an American human spaceflight program carried out by NASA, started in summer 2017 under President Trump with the goal of taking humanity to Jupiter and its moons. The program goal for Zeus has its history in the HOPE concept proposed under the W. Bush administration, though is heavily modified.



Missions

 * 2022-2024 (arrives before Zeus III): Launch of modules and trusses of the first Jovian Space Station, Thunder I, with drones to construct it in preparation for its first crew.

Manned

 * Zeus I

Ares
The Ares Program, or Project Ares, was a short-lived American human spaceflight program carried out by NASA.

Missions

 * Ares (January 1986) - First American manned Martian orbit and landing. After a six month flight, the astronauts would spend 15 days in orbit to prepare for the 110 thousand pound Mars Excursion M (MEM) for landing in Terra Cimmeria.  and  would remain in the ship whilst, , and  would land and explore for 45 days. On a rotating basis, one person would stay in the MEM while two people would explore traveling on separate Ares Martian Roving Vehicle (upgraded version of the Lunar version). (Which could travel 10 miles per hour and up to 100 miles overall). The three landing members would use the Backup Pressurized Volume as a quarantine facility in case of Martian bacteria. It would take 330 days for the crew to return to Earth.
 * Its successful landing and generally positive mission would bring hope to NASA, after the Challenger incident happened. It is assumed that if it had been scheduled to be launched after Challenger, it would not have flown.
 * Ares ( 1990) - It was the second American manned Martian landing, and followed the same procedure as the first. It landed near . The surface crew consisted of . However, on day 28 of surface operations, a perfect storm of sorts occurred. 's AMRV would lose power, resulting in  having to save him. As they were returning to the MEM, a severe dust devil hit. Communications were lost and presumed dead., who was within the MEM at the time, made an emergency withdrawal to the orbiter and the crew would begin a return to Earth. As a result of this mission, and the collapse of the USSR, it would take about 2 decades until the next manned Mars mission.

Planetary exploratory missions and programs of NASA
The planetary exploration missions and programs of NASA.

Mariner Program

 * Mariner 1 (July 1962)
 * Mariner 2 (August 1962)
 * Mariner 4 (November 1964)
 * Mariner 5 (June 1967)
 * Mariner 6 (February 1969)
 * Mariner 7 (March 1969)
 * Mariner 9 (May 1971)
 * Mariner 10 (November 1973)

Pioneer Program

 * Pioneer 6 (A) (December 1965)
 * Pioneer 7 (B) (August 1966)
 * Pioneer 8 (C) (December 1967)
 * Pioneer 9 (D) (November 1968)
 * Pioneer 10 (F) (March 1972)
 * Pioneer 11 (G) (April 1973)
 * Pioneer 12 (H) (May 1974) - Out-of-the-ecliptic mission that took magnetometer observations of Jupiter as it used it as a gravitational slingshot to travel outside the ecliptic.
 * Pioneer Venus Orbiter (May 1978)

Viking Program

 * Viking 1 (August 1975)
 * Viking 2 (September 1975)

Voyager Program

 * Voyager 1 (September 1977)
 * Voyager 2 (August 1977)

1990s

 * Hermes (1994) [OTL MESSENGER]

Flagship Telescopes

 * Hubble Space Telescope (1990)
 * Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (1991)
 * Chandra X-Ray Observatory (1999)
 * James Webb Space Telescope (2015)
 * HabEx (2020) [OTL Proposed]
 * LUVOIR (2024) [OTL Proposed LUVOIR-A Design]
 * Origins Space Telescope (2028) [OTL Proposed]
 * Lynx X-Ray Observatory (2033) [OTL Proposed]

Discovery

 * NEAR Shoemaker (1996)
 * Mars Pathfinder (1996)
 * Lunar Prospector (1998)
 * Stardust (1999)
 * Genesis (2000) [Goes as OTL]
 * CONTOUR (2001) [Goes as OTL]
 * (2002)
 * Deep Impact (2003) [Goes as OTL]
 * (2004)
 * Dawn (2005) [Goes as OTL]
 * (2006)
 * Juno (2007) [OTL]
 * FOSSIL (2008) [OTL Proposed]
 * Kepler (2009)
 * Titan Mare Explorer (2009) [OTL Proposed]
 * OSIRIS (2010) [OTL OSIRIS-REx]
 * GRAIL (2011)
 * Phobos Surveyor (2012) [OTL Proposed] - 2 feet sea urchin-like rovers landing near the crater Stickney.
 * Lucy (2013) [OTL Planned]
 * Mars Geyser Hopper (2014) [OTL Proposed]
 * Whipple (2015) [OTL Proposed]
 * Comet Hopper (2016) [OTL Proposed]
 * Psyche (2017) [OTL Planned]
 * InSight (2018)
 * Io Volcano Observer (2018) [OTL Proposed]
 * MANTIS (2019) [OTL 2019 concept]
 * VERITAS (2021) [OTL Proposed]
 * Zephyr (2023) [OTL Proposed/Venus Landsailing Rover]
 * Zephyr (2023) [OTL Proposed/Venus Landsailing Rover]

Mars Exploration Rovers

 * Spirit (June 2001) - makes last contact March 2010
 * Opportunity (July 2001) - Makes last contact in June 2016
 * Curiosity (November 2009)
 * Perserverance ( 2018)

2010s

 * Europa Clipper (2018) [OTL Planned]

2020s

 * Europa Lander (2021) [OTL Proposed]

Aphrodite
The Aphrodite Program, or Project Aphrodite, was the fourth American human spaceflight program carried out by NASA. It was the last program to use the original Saturn V rocket.

Missions

 * Aphrodite 1 (June 1974) - Wet workshop S-IVB and Block II Apollo CSM on a Saturn V. After evaluating the S-IVB as a long-term habitat, they would separate the CSM and return to Earth.
 * Aphrodite 2 (November 1974) - Long duration mission in high orbit. Block III CSM designed for long-term spaceflight, modified S-IVB with Environmental Support Module required for the real Venus flyby. Carried to altitudes of 25,000 miles around Earth, exposing the spacecraft to an environment similar to that of a trip to Venus but steering clear of Earth's radiation belts. Power provided by solar panels, SM fuel cells replaced by batteries that would give enough power during the flight and re-entry.
 * Aphrodite 3 (May 1975) - Unmanned rocket sent to test the ability to fly the distance to Venus.
 * Aphrodite 4 (November 1976) (Lonnie Hammargren,, , ) - First manned flyby of Venus (four months later in March of 1976). Block IV CSM, updated S-IVB with large radio antenna for communication with Earth, and a set of small probes that would be released to Venus' surface, in which the crew would be 3000 miles above. After hours near the surface, they would begin their trip back to Earth, but before returning they would perform astronomical studies of the Sun and Mercury, as they approached within 0.3 astronomical units.
 * Probes (OTL Pioneer 13/Venus Multiprobe):
 * Large Probe (300 kg)
 * North Probe (75 kg)
 * Night Probe (75 kg)
 * Day Probe (75 kg)

ISS
The International Space Station initially combined the US' Space Station Freedom and Russia's Mir 2. And would be one of the biggest international space endeavours.

Expedition 1 (November 1999-March 2000)
SSF's skeleton crew of Bill Shepard and Ken Bowersox would work with Mir 2's skeleton crew of Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Krikalev to handle the combination of the two space stations.

Soviet Space Stations
Space Stations and related of the USSR.

Salyut Programme
The Salyut programme was the first space station programme.

Salyut 1

 * Launched into space
 * Salyut A (April 1971) [OTL Soyuz 10, but were eventually able to dock]
 * Salyut Б (July 1971) [OTL Soyuz 11 in its entirety.]

Salyut 2

 * Launched into space July 1972
 * OTL DOS-2
 * Salyut B (August 1972)
 * Salyut Г (October 1972)

Salyut 3

 * Launched into space May 1973, 3 days before Skylab
 * OTL DOS-3/Salyut 4
 * Salyut Д (June 1973) (Gubarev, Grechko)
 * Salyut E (August 1973) (Lazarev, Makarov)
 * Salyut Ё (October 1973) (Klimuk, Sevastyanov)

Salyut 4

 * Launched into space June 1974
 * OTL Salyut 3
 * Salyut Ж (July 1974) (Popovich, Artyukhin)
 * Saylut З (September 1974) (Sarafanov, Dyomin)

Salyut 5

 * Launched into space June 1976
 * OTL
 * Salyut И (July 1976) - OTL Soyuz 21
 * Salyut Й (October 1976) - OTL Soyuz 23
 * Salyut К (February 1977) - OTL Soyuz 24
 * Salyut Л (July 1977) (Berezovoy, Lisun)

Salyut 6

 * Launched into space September 1977
 * OTL

Salyut 7

 * Launched into space April 1982
 * OTL

American Space Stations
Space Stations and related of America.

Missions

 * Skylab B0 (March 1978) - launch of Skylab B, which is a redesign of the original to fix problems regarding comfortability (adding of a resupply and garbage disposal). [OTL Skylab B is called Skylab 2]
 * Skylab B1 (March 1978) (McCandless, Albert H. Crews, and Crippen)- STS-1 is conducted. It is also the first manned flight of the Space Shuttle Program, the first flight of the Shuttle Enterprise, and the first crew of Skylab-B.
 * Skylab B2 (June 1978) (Richard Truly, Fullerton, Peterson) - [Performs OTL STS-2 experiments]
 * Skylab B3 (October 1978) (Overmyer, Engle, Lousma) - [Performs OTL STS-3 experiments]
 * Skylab B4 (January 1979) (Hartsfield,, )- Last mission of Skylab B.

Space Station Freedom
[Cross between OTL Revised Baseline Configuration design of Space Station Freedom and US Orbital Segment of the ISS]

Timeline

 * January 1984: US President Ronald Reagan in his 1984 State of the Union Address mentions constructing Space Station Freedom.
 * November 1994: First Element Launch of “Space Station Freedom”, the initial pieces of Station's Trust Assembly which provided the backbone, on Space Shuttle . [MB-1 to 4] This first component saw the solar power module, Thermal Control System (TCS), an unpressurized birthing mechanism, Mobile Servicing System, activiation of the electricity system, operation of altitude control and reboost capability, and the station's very own Canadarm, Canadarm-2. Not part of the Trust, but also delivered, were the crew equipment and transfer aids. (CETA)
 * March 1995: Port node and racks, pressurized berthing station (also established), cupola including workstation delivered. The central TCS would be activated for later use.
 * July 1995: Man-Tended Capability is achieved with the transport of the U.S. Laboratory Module and racks. The U.S. Lab Module, or, is a 13.4 meter long cylinder with a diameter of 4.5 meters.
 * October 1995: Airlock and another pressurized docking adapter, Dextre (or the Canadian Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator), and the Mobile Servicing System Maintenance Depot.
 * February 1996: Last major truss addition. [OTL MB-8 to 10] Three dry cargo berthing mechanisms, two reduced capacity propulsion modules, port photovoltaic power module, alpha joint assembly and powr module platforms.
 * May 1996: Starboard node and outboard photovoltaic power module spacer.
 * September 1996: Kibo (Japanese Experiment Module), DC to DC conversion units and heat exchangers.
 * January 1997: ESA's Columbus Attatched Pressurized Module delivered.
 * June 1997: Final truss section delivered, includes starboard photovoltaic power module.
 * August 1997: JEM Exposed Facility and Experiment Logistics Module's Pressurized Section and Exposed Section delivered.
 * December 1997: U.S. Habitation Module, "Harmony", delivered, with fully-functional life support, data management, and maned systems. Harmony is a 13.4 meter long cylinder with a diameter of 4.5 meters.
 * April 1998: Permanent Manned Capability achieved with the Assured Crew Return Vehicle.
 * August 1998: Centrifuge and Node 3 delivered.
 *  1999: Renamed International Space Station, when it historically docked with the Russian Space Station Mir 2 indefinitely.

Minor Timeline
A timeline of minor space activities.

February

 * In the 100th anniversary year of the Model T, the first affordable automobile, SpaceX launches the Tesla Roadster, the first all-electric car to use a lithium-ion battery, into space. It becomes the first consumer car in space. In the driver seat is a test dummy, Starman, who is wearing SpaceX's spacesuit, while David Bowie songs would play in the background.

February

 * LES-1, which last transmitted signals in 1967, is caught producing signals by an amateur radio enthusiast. Its revival is explain through the failing of the batteries allowing for them to charge and produce signals whilst in sunlight.

American Rocket Families
The rocket families of the United States.

V-25U
A successor to the Saturn V, seeing a stretched rocket with upgraded F-1 and J-2 engines and four 156 foot diameter solid rocket boosters. It could carry payload of up to 550,000 pounds, 240,000 more than the original Saturn. It was the basis for the Shuttle-Saturn launch system of the Space Shuttle.

V4
Saturn V4 added on to the V-25U with four 260 foot diameter solid rocket boosters, plus a first stage liquid tank ahead of the solid boosters. The payload could be increased in diameter from 32 feet to 78 feet, could be up to 290 feet long, and could weigh as much as 800,000 pounds.

V-XU
Saturn V-XU was four improved Saturn V’s clustered together (both first and second stages) with a payload shroud 86.5 feet in diameter and 240 feet long. It could carry a payload of up to 1.16 million pounds

(Post-Saturn)
This was a 75 foot diameter core vehicle with up to 12 optional 260 foot diameter solid rocket boosters and a payload shroud up to 120 feet in diameter, which could weigh as much as 4.2 million pounds total. It was 455 feet long.

Source

 * Saturn V successors

Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle Program was the fifth American human spaceflight program carried out by NASA. It achieved routine transportation for Earth-to-Orbit crew and cargo from.

Rockets
The Space Shuttle Program primarily used two rocket launch systems: Shuttle-Solid and Shuttle-Saturn.

Shuttle-Solid, as in its name, used two reusable solid rocket boosters in tangent with an external liquid fuel tank and the Space Shuttle orbiter plane. It was generally used for smaller missions, such as crew rotation.

Shuttle-Saturn, as in its name, used a modified Saturn V-25U rocket to launch the Space Shuttle. An interstage would be fit on top of a modified S-IC stage to support the external tank in the space occupied by the S-II stage. The addition of wings and landing gear to the S-IC stage, allowed it to flyback to the Kennedy Space Center, get recovered and refurbished for future flights when it gets jettisoned after the first two minutes of flight. The Shuttle's RS-25 engines would do the rest of the work and put the orbiter in orbit. This was generally used for larger cargo, such as space station components.

CNES
CNES, short for Centre national d'études spatiales or in English: the National Centre for Space Studies, is the French governmental space agency. It was founded in 1961.

Notable Dates

 * October 18th, 1963: France launches the first cat into space, Félicette, she survives and returns safely to Earth.
 * November 26th, 1965: France’s first satellite, Astérix, is launched into space, on the first rocket of the Diamant launch system.
 * May 1970: The first launch of the Vedette rocket system. [Similar to OTL Ariane]
 * February 1971: France launches the first French man into space, Pierre J. du Bucq., through usage of the Vedette rocket system.
 * November 1971: France launches their second man into space, Jean-Loup Chretien., also via the Vedette rocket system.

Project Gemini
Project Gemini was the second American human spaceflight program carried out by NASA.

Manned

 * III (March 1965) (Grissom, Young)
 * IV (June 1965) (McDivitt, White)
 * V (August 1965) (Cooper, Conrad)
 * VII (December 1965) (Borman, Lovell)
 * VI-A (December 1965) (Schirra, Stafford)
 * VIII (March 1966) (Armstrong, Scott)
 * IX-A (June 1966 (Stafford, Cernan)
 * X (July 1966) (Young, Collins)
 * XI (September 1966) (Conrad, Gordon)
 * XII (November 1966) (Lovell, Aldrin)
 * XIII (January 1967) (Jan, Mar Dietrich) - Only woman in Gemini Program. First twins to man a spacecraft.

Sovekos
Sovekos, which is short for Sovekosmich or Yedinoye Sovetskoye Kosmicheskoy Agentstvo, was a Soviet agency dedicated to space exploration. It was founded in August 1960 as a consolidation of all previous Soviet space efforts. It would be reformed into Roscosmos when the USSR dissolved in 1991.

NASA
NASA, or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, is an independent agency of the United States that focused on civilian space programs as well as aeronautic and aerospace research.

Programs

 * Planetary exploration missions and programs of NASA
 * Project Mercury
 * Project Gemini
 * Apollo Program
 * Aphrodite Program
 * Space Shuttle Program
 * Ares Program

6. James. C. Fletcher (1981-1989)
James M. Beggs was originally nominated, but when accusations by the Defense Department came out about him committing contact fraud, he was quickly dropped.

Apollo
The Apollo Program, or Project Apollo, was the third American human spaceflight program carried out by NASA.

Missions

 * (May 1974) - Per the Apollo Extension Series Lunar Base plans, the Lunar Payload Module is launched to the Sea of Tranquility on the Moon.
 * (January 1976) - Using ALSS hardware a LEM Truck with a MOLAB rover is delivered to the Kepler crater.
 * (May 1976) - The launch of a 7,7000 kg cargo to the Kepler crater, by NASA, in an unmanned shelter-logistics Saturn V, using the Service Module (SM) for lunar descent, in addition to the LM descent stage. The Apollo Spacecraft-LM Adapter (SLA) would be outfitted as a mini-base of superior capacity and capability to the LM Shelter. The LM ascent stage was replaced by the SLA mini-base and the position of the SM was reversed. The SLA mini-base carried consumables for 192 man-days on the lunar surface and 5,090 kg cargo, amounting to a total payload weight of 7,700 kg. This meant that successive crews of two astronauts could stay for a total of 96 days. The SLA included a Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) and a Lunar Flying Unit (LFU) for the astronauts. Its cargo included 2,700 kg of mobility fuel for the LRV and LFU, plus 1,800 kg of scientific equipment. The base would be known as.

Major

 * Apollo 7 (October 1968) (Schirra, Cunningham, Eisele)
 * Apollo 8 (December 1968) (Borman, Lovell, Anders) - First to witness and photograph an Earthrise, first Americans to fly to the moon and to escape the gravity of a celestial body.
 * Apollo 9 (March 1969) (McDivitt, Scott, Schweickart)
 * Apollo 10 (May 1969) (Stafford, Young, Cernan)
 * Apollo 11 (July 1969) (Armstrong, Aldrin, Collins) - First manned landing on the moon.
 * Apollo 12 (November 1969) (Conrad, Gordon, Bean) - Second American manned landing on the moon.
 * Apollo 13 (April 1970) (Lovell, Swigert, Haise)
 * Apollo 14 (January 1971) (Shepard, Roosa, Mitchell)
 * Apollo 15 (May 1971) (Scott, Worden, Irwin)
 * Apollo 16 (September 1971) (Borman (CMD), Funk (LMP), Eisele (CMP)) - Schröter's Valley. First American woman on the moon.
 * Apollo 17 (December 1971) (Young, Mattingly, Duke) [OTL 16]
 * Apollo 18 (April 1972) (Cernan, Evans, Schmitt) [OTL 17]
 * Apollo 19 (August 1972) (Roosa, Weitz, Lousma) - Marius Hills.
 * Apollo 20 (December 1972) (Lovell (CMD), McDivitt (LMP), Brand (CMP) - Tsiolkovskiy crater. First manned landing on the lunar dark side
 * Apollo 21 (March 1973) (Gordon (CMD), Carr (LMP), )- Copernicus Crater
 * Apollo 22 (June 1973) (Cobb (CMD), Robert H. Lawrence (LMP), Cunningham (CMP)) - Tycho Crater. First African-American man in space and on the moon.
 * Apollo 23 (September 1973) (Haise (CMD), Farouz El-Baz (LMP), Pogue (CMP)) - Hyginus Rille. First Egyptian on the moon.
 * Apollo 24 (January 1974) (Myrtle Cagle, John Finley, )- Littrow crater
 * Apollo 25 (April 1974) (Brand, Lenoir, Lind) - Censoninus crater
 * Apollo 26 (July 1974) (Dick Lawyer, Mar Dietrich, ) - Rendezvous point on the Sea of Tranquility
 * It establishes the first lunar base, Tranquility, by using a LM Shelter, which was essentially an Apollo LM with ascent stage engine and fuel tanks removed and replaced with consumables and scientific equipment for 14 days' extended lunar exploration. It had a 90 day quiescent capability to account for the time in between flights.
 * The LM Shelter was delivered by Apollo 26, which sent a manned Apollo CSM and the LM Shelter towards the moon. As in a standard Apollo flight, the CSM transposed and docked with the LM Shelter, and then pulled it away from the S-IVB stage. After the CSM had braked the combination into lunar orbit, the automated LM Shelter would separate. The crew merely orbited above the moon in the CSM until the automated LM Shelter had landed, and then returned to Earth.
 * Apollo 27 (October 1974) (James Taylor, ) - Tranquility base
 * The S-IVB third stage of the Saturn V for operation in lunar space would be modified, providing a 40-day quiescent capability for an unmanned CSM in lunar orbit. Allowing all three astronauts to be landed, by the newly-made LM Taxi, on the Moon for a 30-day stay time. After landing, the crew would shut down the LM Taxi and activate the shelter system. Two weeks later, the LM Taxi would be reactivated and the crew would return to the CSM and back to Earth.
 * Apollo 28 (February 1975) (Lachlan Macleay, Sarah Gorelick, )- Tranquility Base
 * Apollo 29 (October 1975)- Gassendi crater
 * Apollo 30 (March 1976) (Rhea Woltman )- Kepler crater
 * After setting up a geophysical monitoring station two astronauts would embark on a 14-day, 400-km exploratory traverse, studying six identified geological features. The crew would then return to Earth.
 * First use of MOLAB.
 * Apollo 31 (July 1976) - Kepler crater
 * It would deliver two astronauts in an LM Taxi to the mini-base. Since it would not be practical to leave one astronaut in the CSM circling the moon for 100 days, the third astronaut would return in the CSM back to Earth. Three months later, another mission would be launched to return the lunar base crew to Earth.
 * Apollo 32 (October 1976) (Shannon Lucid, ) - Kepler crater
 * the first surface crew returning in this mission's CSM. The new crew would use a newly made model of the LM Taxi.

Other

 * Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (July 1975)

Soyuz
The Soyuz programme is a human spaceflight programme undertaken by Sovekos.

Missions

 * Soyuz 1 (April 1967) (Komarov) - due to mass technical issues, needs to be saved. It is known as the “Soviet Apollo 13.”
 * Soyuz 2 (April 1967) (Bykovsky, Khrunov, Yeliseyev) - Launched in order to save Komarov
 * Soyuz 3 (September 1967) (Beregovoy, Shatalov, Volynov)
 * Soyuz 4 (January 1968) (Shonin, Gorbatko, Kubasov)
 * Soyuz 5 (May 1968) (Dobrovolsky, Kolodin, Volkov)
 * Soyuz 6 (September 1968) (Kuklin, Filipchenko, Khrunov) - It is the first manned flight to the moon, and the first manned mission to use the N1 Rocket.
 * Soyuz 7 (January 1969)
 * Soyuz 8 (July 1969) (Tereshkova, Bykovsky, Nikolayev) - It becomes the first manned Soviet lunar landing, using the LK lunar lander. It lands approximately a day after Apollo 11 and lands the first woman, Tereshkova, on the moon.
 * Soyuz 9 (October 1969) (Komarov, Yeliseyev, Sevastyanov) - Soviet’s 2nd manned lunar landing.
 * Soyuz 10 (February 1970) (Shatalov, Grechko, Yazdovsky) - Soviet’s 3rd manned lunar landing.
 * Soyuz 11 (June 1970) (Rukavishnikov, Leonov, Kolodin)
 * Soyuz 12 (October 1970)
 * Soyuz 13 (February 1971)
 * Soyuz 14 (September 1971)
 * Soyuz 15 (January 1972)
 * Soyuz 16 (July 1972)
 * Soyuz 17 (October 1973) - First crew of the Zvezda lunar base, the first lunar base. (Becoming its establishers)
 * Soyuz 18
 * Soyuz 19
 * Soyuz 20

Other

 * Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (July 1975)

Vostok
The Vostok programme is a human spaceflight programme undertaken by Sovekos.

Missions

 * Vostok 1 (April 1961) (Gagarin) - First man in space.
 * Vostok 2 (August 1961) (Titov) - The first manned mission lasting a day
 * Vostok 3 (August 1962) (Nikolayev) - It and Vostok 4 would become the first simultaneous flight of two manned spacecraft.
 * Vostok 4 (August 1962) (Popovich)
 * Vostok 5 (April 1963) (Tereshkova) - First Soviet woman in space
 * Vostok 6 (September 1963) (Bykovsky) - The longest solo manned flight, around 7 days total.

Mercury
Project Mercury was the first American human spaceflight program carried out by NASA.

Manned

 * MR-3 "Freedom 7" (May 1961) (Shepard) - First American man in space.
 * MR-4 "Liberty Bell 7" (July 1961) (Grissom)
 * MA-6 "Friendship 7" (February 1962) (Glenn)
 * MA-7 "Aurora 7" (May 1962) (Carpenter)
 * MA-8 "Sigma 7" (October 1962) (Schirra)
 * MA-9 "Faith 7" (May 1963) (Cooper)
 * MA-10 "Freedom 7-II" (October 1963) (Shepard) - Carried a re-entry communications experiment, which involved injecting water into the plasma sheath surrounding the spacecraft on reentry, in the hope that it would disrupt the sheath enough to allow radio communications. [Seen in OTL Gemini 3]

History
Mercury Part B had its history in a privately funded program carried out by William Lovelace, known as the Mercury 13, who had developed spaceflight tests for American men and wanted to see if women could achieve the same ability. It would be incorporated into the larger NASA complex as a result of the House Committee Hearing on Gender Discrimination.

House Committee Hearing on Gender Discrimination
The House Committee Hearing took place in the month of July 1962. These hearings would investigate the possibility of gender discrimination conducted by NASA, and demonstrated changes on how women's rights were changing and leaked into politics. Important Happenings:
 * Major advocate against the program, Jacqueline Cochran is discredited due to evidence that she only turnt against Mercury 13, due to envy that she would be outshined as America’s number one female aviator.
 * Points regarding the then 13 not being test pilots or having engineering degrees discredited as women couldn’t be test pilots (but these 13 had the capabilities of them) and the latter did not apply to other pilots
 * It is decided that Mercury 13 was to be adopted by NASA, to establish the first woman in space ahead of the USSR. Increased funding to compensate, 1963 budget to be $3 billion [unlike OTL’s 2.5 billion]

Missions

 * (February 1963) (Jerrie Cobb) - First woman in space
 * (August 1963) (Wally Funk)
 * (March 1964) (Sarah Gorelick)
 * (June 1964) (Jean Hixon)
 * (September 1964) (Rhea Woltman)
 * (December 1964) (Bernice Steadman)
 * (February 1965) (Myrtle Cagle)

Vokshod
The Vokshod programme is a human spaceflight programme undertaken by Sovekos.

Missions

 * Vokshod 1 (October 1964) (Komarov, Yegorov, Feoktistov) - It is the first multiman space mission.
 * Vostok 2 (March 1965) (Leonov, Belyayev) - First spacewalk.
 * Vostok 3 (July 1965) (Shonin, Volynov) - 19-day two-man mission to study long-term weightlessness with artificial gravity, medical, military and other experiments.
 * Vostok 4 (December 1965) (Beregovoy) - 20-day single-man mission to study long-term weightlessness with artificial gravity, medical, military, and other experiments. It outdoes Bykovsky’s record.
 * Vostok 5 (May 1966) (Ponomaryova, Solovyova) - 10-day two-woman mission with medical and other experiments and first female EVA-spacewalk
 * Vostok 6 (November 1966) (Khrunov, Vorunov) - 15-day two-man mission with military and other experiments and multiple spacewalks to test new EVA jet belt.